Journal articles: 'Columbia University. School of Public Health' – Grafiati (2024)

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A novel approach to expand ing student training in graduate masters of public health is to incorporate ethnographic methodological training, both observation and fieldwork, into courses teaching students about structural and environmental factors impacting on health outcomes. One such course is offered at the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, where a course entitled ‘Structural Approaches in Global Health’ has both extended students’ prior methodological training, while also harnessing students’ insightful observations from their fieldwork and analysis of the New York City public health landscape.

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Accumulating evidence demonstrates an increasing interest among students in global experiences, particularly among students engaged in public health professional training and scholarship. The 2-year Global Health Training Program within the Master of Public Health program at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health was created with the goal of developing global health professionals equipped with skills, experience, and perspectives to address the global health challenges of today and the future. The 2-year Master of Public Health program is interdisciplinary, involving faculty and students from five departments across the School, and offering students a wide range of global health courses selected from the School and University. In addition, students are required to undertake a 6-month, continuous, mentored professional practicum experience in a low- or middle-income country. A total of over 300 students have graduated from this program over the past 10 years. Students have completed practica in 75 countries at global health agencies, academic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and community-based organizations. The involvement of a large number of faculty in global health research and practice provides a critical asset to the program given the emphasis of the program on applied experience.

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Considerable scholarly attention has been directed to the adverse health effects caused by residential segregation. We aimed to visualize the state-of-the-art residential segregation and health research to provide a reference for follow-up studies. Employing the CiteSpace software, we uncovered popular themes, research hotspots, and frontiers based on an analysis of 1211 English-language publications, including articles and reviews retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 1998 to 2022. The results revealed: (1) The Social Science & Medicine journal has published the most studies. Roland J. Thorpe, Thomas A. LaVeist, Darrell J. Gaskin, David R. Williams, and others are the leading scholars in residential segregation and health research. The University of Michigan, Columbia University, Harvard University, the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, and the University of North Carolina play the most important role in current research. The U.S. is the main publishing country with significant academic influence. (2) Structural racism, COVID-19, mortality, multilevel modelling, and environmental justice are the top five topic clusters. (3) The research frontier of residential segregation and health has significantly shifted from focusing on community, poverty, infant mortality, and social class to residential environmental exposure, structural racism, and health care. We recommend strengthening comparative research on the health-related effects of residential segregation on minority groups in different socio-economic and cultural contexts.

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Abstract Biological aging is the greatest risk factor for multiple non-communicable diseases affecting multiple organ systems. Evidence from animal studies suggest that the rate of biological aging is modifiable and that slowing the rate of biological aging may decrease the incidence of age-related morbidity and mortality. Based on these findings, several approaches are currently being studied to slow the rate of biological aging in humans. This symposium features internationally renowned aging research scientists whose work focuses on clinical interventions to modify biological aging in humans. We will hear from Rajagopal Sekhar from the Baylor College of Medicine who will present his research on “Improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammaging, aging hallmarks and muscle strength in older adults: the novel role of GlyNAC and the 'Power of 3'”; Jamie Justice from the Wake Forest School of Medicine will present her work on “Response to dietary restriction interventions in older adults: biomarkers of cellular senescence and biological aging”; Reem Waziry from the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health will present her work “Does Caloric Restriction Slow the Process of Biological Aging in Non-Obese Healthy Adults? Evidence from the CALERIE™ Trial”; and Daniel Parker from the Duke University School of Medicine will present his work “Does APOE genotype moderate the impact of diet modification and exercise training on age-related outcomes?”. Attendees will learn about recent advances in interventions targeting human aging.

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A public health workforce that reflects the increasing diversity of the U.S. population is critical for health promotion and to eliminate persistent health disparities. Academic institutions must provide appropriate education and training to increase diversity in public health professions to improve efforts to provide culturally competent care and programs in the most vulnerable communities. Reaching into the existing talent pool of diverse candidates at the undergraduate level is a promising avenue for building a pipeline to advanced training and professional careers in the field of public health. The Summer Public Health Scholars Program (SPHSP) at the Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC) is a 10-week summer internship program with a mission to increase knowledge and interest in public health and biomedical sciences. Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Undergraduate Public Health Summer Programs, sponsored by the CDC’s Office of Minority Health and Health Equity, SPHSP aims to pipeline underrepresented students into public health graduate programs and careers by providing mentorship, academic enrichment, professional development, and field-based placements. The SPHSP is uniquely positioned to offer scholars a program that exposes them to core public health training components through the joint effort of all four CUIMC schools: public health, dentistry, nursing, and medicine. Here, we describe the program’s academic enrichment components, which provide advanced and multifaceted public health training opportunities. We discuss the impacts of the program on student outcomes and lessons learned in developing and refining the program model.

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Abstract Dr Dorothy Klenke Nash (1898-1976) became the first female neurosurgeon in the United States in 1928 and maintained her status as the country's only female neurosurgeon until 1960. She graduated with her medical degree from the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1927 and then trained at the Neurologic Institute of New York under Dr Byron Stookey. During her training, she contributed to the advancement of neurosurgical practice through academic research. In 1931, she married Charles B. Nash, and together they had 2 children, George (1932) and Dorothy Patricia (1937). Dr Nash became a senior surgeon at St. Margaret's Hospital in Pittsburgh in 1942. Shortly thereafter, she joined the inaugural University of Pittsburgh Department of Neurosurgery led by Dr Stuart N. Rowe and became an instructor of neurosurgery at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. In acknowledgment of her advocacy for public access to services for mental health and cerebral palsy, Dr Nash was recognized as a Distinguished Daughter of Pennsylvania (1953) and honored by Mercy Hospital (1957), Bryn Mawr College (1960), and Columbia University (1968). She retired from neurosurgical practice in 1965, at which time she devoted herself to her grandchildren and her Catholic faith. She died on March 5, 1976 at the age of 77. With unwavering tenacity, Dr Nash paved the way for all women in neurosurgery.

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TIME magazine selected “The Guardians and the War on Truth” as their 2018 “Person of the Year.” Journalists everywhere urge us to remember writer Jamal Khashoggi’s murder as a harsh testament to the risks of speaking truth to power. But Khashoggi was a perceived threat to a totalitarian government, surely truth is more respected in America, right? Suggest that to the Columbia University School of Law who built a “silencing science tracker” to document “government attempts to restrict or prohibit scientific research, education or discussion.” In this editorial, I argue that researchers who publish their scientific findings in peer-reviewed journals must also embrace the role of “guardians” against the growing assaults on science. In an era where the majority of Americans get their health information via social media, our challenge as scientists is to transcend our basic calling as truth seekers and truth tellers. Closely aligned with this truth guardian’s work in health promotion is the True Health Initiative, a cohort of renowned scientists dedicated to offering “clarity over confusion”; they “work to spread the fundamental evidence and consensus-based truths about lifestyle as medicine.” When purveyors of falsehoods have such unfettered channels as they do today, my hope for scientists and for this journal is that we grow our ambitions relating to curating facts, authoritative dissemination, and persuasive communications alongside our usual work of learning and teaching.

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On November 14, 2014, the Leaders in Medicine (LIM) program at the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary hosted its 6th Annual Research Symposium. Dr. Danuta Skowronski, Epidemiology Lead for Influenza and Emerging Respiratory Pathogens at the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC), was the keynote speaker and presented a lecture entitled “Rapid response research during emerging public health crises: influenza and reflections from the five year anniversary of the 2009 pandemic”. The LIM symposium provides a forum for both LIM and non-LIM medical students to present their research work, either as an oral or poster presentation. There were a total of six oral presentations and 77 posters presented. The oral presentations included: Swathi Damaraju, “The role of cell communication and 3D Cell-Matrix environment in a stem cell-based tissue engineering strategy for bone repair”; Menglin Yang, “The proteolytic activity of Nepenthes pitcher fluid as a therapeutic for the treatment of celiac disease”; Amelia Kellar, “Monitoring pediatric inflammatory bowel disease – a retrospective analysis of transabdominal ultrasound”; Monica M. Faria-Crowder, “The design and application of a molecular profiling strategy to identify polymicrobial acute sepsis infections”; Waleed Rahmani, “Hair follicle dermal stem cells regenerate the dermal sheath, repopulate the dermal papilla and modulate hair type”; and, Laura Palmer, “A novel role for amyloid beta protein during hypoxia/ischemia”. The article on the University of Calgary Leaders in Medicine Program, “A Prescription that Addresses the Decline of Basic Science Education in Medical School,” in a previous issue of CIM (2014 37(5):E292) provides more details on the program. Briefly, the LIM Research Symposium has the following objectives: (1) to showcase the impressive variety of projects undertaken by students in the LIM Program as well as University of Calgary medical students; (2) to encourage medical student participation in research and special projects; and, (3) to inform students and faculty about the diversity of opportunities available for research and special projects during medical school and beyond. The following abstracts were submitted for publication.

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Aim: This study aimed to assess the characteristics and trends of research on substance use and COVID-19. Methods: Keywords related to “Covid-19” and “Substance Use” were used in a search query formulated for the Scopus search engine. The articles published during the years 2020 and 2021, through early November 2021, were considered. Results: A total of 2184 publications were published on this topic, averaging 9.69 citations per paper. About one-seventh (13.96%) share of global publications was supported by extramural funding support. The maximum number of publications emerged from the United States of America (USA) ( n = 831; 38.05%), followed by the United Kingdom (UK) ( n = 212; 9.71%), India ( n = 165; 7.55%), and Canada (155 papers; 7.10%). In terms of citation impact, publications emerging from China (24.42 and 2.52) had the highest citation impact, followed by publications emerging from Australia (18.83 and 1.94), France (16.48 and 1.70), the UK (15.44 and 1.59), Italy (13.36 and 1.38), and Canada (12.73 and 1.31). When the data in terms of specific institutes were evaluated, Harvard Medical School, USA ( n = 52), was ranked first in productivity, followed by the University of Toronto, Canada ( n = 47); the Yale School of Medicine, USA ( n = 35); INSERM, France ( n = −29); and the University of British Columbia, Canada ( n = 2s). The University College London, UK (30.24 and 3.12), ranked first in citation impact, followed by INSERM, France (22.0 and 2.27); the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (17.4 and 1.8); and the University of Toronto, Canada (13.68 and 1.41). When the journals were evaluated, the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ( n = 83) ranked first in publication productivity, followed by the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment ( n = 73), Frontiers in Psychology ( n = 39), Drug and Alcohol Dependence ( n = 28), and International Journal of Drug Policy ( n = 26). Conclusion: This bibliometric study suggests that a large amount of literature has accumulated during the COVID-19 pandemic on substance use disorders, both from developed and developing countries.

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AbstractIntroduction:Hurricane Katrina, a Category 3 hurricane, made landfall in August 2005. Approximately 1,500 deaths have been directly attributed to the hurricane, primarily in Louisiana and Mississippi. In New Orleans, Louisiana, most of the healthcare infrastructure was destroyed by flooding, and >200,000 residents became homeless. Many of these internally displaced persons received transitional housing in trailer parks (“villages”) under the auspices of the [US] Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).Problem:The FEMA villages are isolated from residential communities, lack access to healthcare services, and have become unsafe environments. The trailers that house families have been found to be contaminated with formaldehyde.Methods:The Children's Health Fund, in partnership with the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, began a program (“Operation Assist”) to provide health and mental health services within a medical home model. This program includes the Baton Rouge Children's Health Project (BRCHP), which consists of two mobile medical units (one medical and one mental health). Licensed professionals at the FEMA villages and other isolated communities provide care on these mobile units. Medical and psychiatric diagnoses from the BRCHP are summarized and case vignettes presented.Results:Immediately after the hurricane, prescription medications were difficult to obtain. Complaints of headache, nosebleeds, and stomachache were observed at an unusually frequent degree for young children, and were potentially attributable to formaldehyde exposure. Dermatological conditions included eczema, impetigo, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) abscesses, and tinea corporis and capitis. These were especially difficult to treat because of unhygienic conditions in the trailers and ongoing formaldehyde exposure. Signs of pediatric under-nutrition included anemia, failure to thrive, and obesity. Utilization of initial mental health services was low due to pressing survival needs and concern about stigma. Once the mental health service became trusted in the community, frequent diagnoses for school-age children included disruptive behavior disorders and learning problems, with underlying depression, anxiety, and stress disorders. Mood and anxiety disorders and substance abuse were prevalent among the adolescents and adults, including parents.Conclusions:There is a critical and long-term need for medical and mental health services among affected populations following a disaster due to natural hazards. Most patients required both medical and mental health care, which underscores the value of co-locating these services.

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Dr. Carolyn Gotay is Professor and Canadian Cancer Society Chair in Cancer Primary Prevention at the University of British Columbia (UBC). Her training began at Duke University and continued with a PhD in Psychology from the University of Maryland. During her first position at the University of Calgary, she became interested in the relationship between psychology and cancer, which would become the focus of her subsequent work. Dr. Gotay has held positions at Gettysburg College, the University of Calgary, and the National Cancer Institute (U.S.) where she acted as a Health Scientist Administrator. Following these positions, she began at the University of Hawaii, where she worked as the Director of the Cancer Prevention and Control Program. Throughout these various roles, her primary prevention interests were multi-faceted; they included a focus on clinical trials investigating quality of life as well as understanding end-of-life care and the psychosocial wellbeing of patients. Dr. Gotay joined UBC in 2008 where she continued her primary prevention research through the School of Population and Public Health and the B.C. Cancer Agency. Currently, Dr. Gotay is a leader in the Cancer Prevention Centre where she and her colleagues look at modifiable cancer risk factors and the application and assessment of interven­tions to modify these behaviours in the population.Dre Carolyn Gotay est professeure et elle siège au sein de la Société canadienne du cancer dans le domaine de la prévention primaire du cancer à l’Université de la Colombie-Britannique. Son éducation universitaire a débuté à l’Université de Duke et elle a continué ses études doctorales en psychologie à l’Université de Maryland. Son premier poste fut à l’Université de Calgary et elle concentre ses recherches sur la relation entre la psychologie et le cancer. Dre Gotay a obtenu des postes à l’Université de Gettysburg, à l’Université de Calgary et à l’institut national du cancer (É.U.) où elle était administratrice scientifique de la santé. Par la suite, elle a travaillé à l’Université d’Hawaii, où elle a oeuvré en tant que directrice du programme de prévention et de contrôle du cancer. À travers son cheminement professionnel, Dre Gotay a étudié les soins primaires préventifs en lien avec la qualité de vie, les soins de fin de vie et le bien-être psychosocial des patients. En 2008, elle a eu la chance de continuer sa recherche en soins préventifs primaires à l’Université de la Colombie-Britannique dans le département de santé publique ainsi qu’à l’agence de cancer de la Colombie-Britannique. Dre Go­tay demeure une leader au centre de prévention du cancer où elle travaille présentement avec ses collègues pour trouver des facteurs de risque modifiables du cancer et l’application d’interventions pour modifier ces comportements dans la population.

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The overall mission of community colleges encompasses several key components and principles, such as being cost-effective, accessible, serving as a pathway to four-year institutions, and preparing students for the workforce entry-level positions. However, 1,167 community colleges in the United States of America have been facing one of the worst threats to humanity in the 21st century, the coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 is a communicable sickness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (World Health Organization, 2022).1 The viral outbreak took the entire world by surprise with paralytic consequences on health, economy, and education. Millions of people lost their lives related to the COVID-19 infection. Worldwide, individual and public lifestyle changes, such as wearing facemasks, travel bans, and quarantines became mandatory due to the fast virus outbreak. Actions were taken worldwide to contain and slow down the spread of the virus and its adverse effects. On March 13, 2020, US President Trump declared a national coronavirus emergency.2 People were mandated to stay and work from home in isolation. In the United States, specifically in the academic sector, instantaneous unscheduled closures of schools were implemented. Faculty and students were forced to stay at home and convert to remote learning. Reviewing the impact of COVID-19 on community college faculty and students, we conducted a literature search of hundreds of publications on the impact of COVID-19 and its effects on health and education, and surveyed several students, faculty, and staff in our division. We found multiple publications on the consequences of the pandemic on education, healthcare providers, university staff, and students. This article presents the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the faculty and students in the division of Nursing, Allied Health, Life, and Physical Sciences (NAHLPS) at an inner-city HBCU Community College.

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ABSTRACTDr. Morton Beiser is a Professor of Distinction in Psychology at Ryerson University, as well as Founding Director and Senior Scientist at the Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Settlement (CERIS) in Toronto. After obtaining his medical degree from the University of British Columbia in 1960, he interned at the Montreal General Hospital, completed residency in Psychiatry at Duke Uni­versity Medical Centre and pursued post-doctoral training in Psychiatric Epidemiology at Cornell University. Dr. Beiser was appointed as Associate Professor of Behavioural Sciences at the Harvard School of Public Health from 1967 to 1975, before returning to Toronto to assume a David Crombie Professorship of Cultural Pluralism and Health, and professorship in Psychiatry. Given his extensive research experience on immigration and resettlement work, we interviewed Dr. Beiser to gain further insight into how Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) can be an innovative short-term option to treat refugee patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD). Dr. Beiser is currently conducting a randomized trial to assess the effectiveness of NET among refugee children and youth in Toronto. RÉSUMÉDr Morton Beiser est un professeur distingué en psychologie à l’Université Ryerson, ainsi que directeur fondateur et scientifique prin­cipal au Centre d’excellence pour la recherche en immigration et en intégration (CEREI) de Toronto. Après avoir obtenu son doctorat en médecine à l’Université de la Colombie-Britannique en 1960, il a fait son internat à l’Hôpital général de Montréal, a complété sa résidence en psychiatrie au centre médical de l’Université Duke et a suivi une formation postdoctorale en épidémiologie psychiatrique à l’Université Cornell. Dr Beiser a été nommé professeur agrégé en sciences du comportement à l’École de santé publique de Harvard de 1967 à 1975, avant de retourner à Toronto pour occuper la Chaire David Crombie sur le pluralisme culturel et la santé, et la chaire de psychiatrie. Compte tenu de sa vaste expérience en recherche sur l’immigration et la réinstallation, nous avons interviewé Dr Beiser pour mieux comprendre comment la thérapie d’exposition descriptive (TED) est une option novatrice à court terme pour traiter les patients réfugiés atteints de trouble de stress post-traumatique. À l’heure actuelle, Dr Beiser mène un essai randomisé pour évaluer l’efficacité de TED chez les enfants et jeunes réfugiés de Toronto.

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AbstractThe University of Victoria has the only program in Canada offering a Bachelor of Science degree in Health Information Science. To meet the requirements of the degree, students must complete 60 units of course work (normally 40 courses) and 4 CO-OP work terms over 4.3 years. The School admits approximately 30 students each year. Seventy-five percent of the students come from British Columbia, ranging in age from 18 to 50 years with the average age being 26 years. In addition to recent high school graduates, over 40% have previous degrees or diplomas, and 65% have over 5 years of work experience. The School’s teaching team consists of 4 full-time faculty, 2 professional staff, 2 clerical staff, 7 adjunct faculty and a variable number of sessional teaching staff. The majority of the faculty have health backgrounds, totalling 150 person-years of health care experience. As of November 1995, the School had 168 graduates 75% of whom are employed in British Columbia, 17% in other parts of Canada and 8% outside the country. Sixty-five percent of the graduates work in government departments including community health agencies; 10% work in hospitals, 20% work for management consulting firms, software houses, or computer hardware firms, and 5% are otherwise employed. Almost 100% of the graduates are gainfully employed in professional positions in which their health information science degree is valued. They work as systems analysts, system designers/developers, consultants, research assistants, health-care planners, information system-support staff/trainers and client-account representatives. Some are already in senior management positions.

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The use of a volunteer model in the provision of health promotion programs in the public sector is described based on the experiences of the Carolina Healthstyle Project, originally a health promotion project for state employees in the Columbia, South Carolina metropolitan area and now expanding to all state employees, public school district employees, and, in a more limited fashion, to state government retirees. The revised models for this project may be particularly helpful to other modestly-funded health promotion efforts.

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Abstract:The University of Victoria has the only program in Canada offering a Bachelor of Science degree in Health Information Science. To meet the requirements of the degree, students must complete 40 courses and 4 CO-OP work terms over 4.3 years. The School admits 30 students each September of which 60% are normally female. Seventy-five percent of the students come from British Columbia, ranging in age from 18 to 42 with the average age being 26 years. In addition to recent high school graduates, over 40% have previous degrees or diplomas, and 65% have over 5 years of work experience. The School’s teaching team consists of 5 full-time faculty, 3 professional staff and 4 part-time faculty. The majority of the faculty have health backgrounds, totalling 135 person-years of practising health care experience. As of November 1992, the School had 113 graduates; 75% are employed in British Columbia, 18% are in other parts of Canada and 7% outside the country. Forty-five percent of the graduates work in government departments including community health agencies; 29% work in hospitals; 26% work in management consulting firms, software houses, or computer hardware firms. They work as systems/project analysts, systems consultants, research assistants, planning analysts, system-support staff, trainers/developers and client account representatives. Some are already in senior management positions.

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AbstractThis article surveys the global acquaintances of Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman, a world-renowned authority on progressive public finance and professor of political economy at Columbia University between 1885 and 1933. Through his published writings, networks, and internationalist efforts, Seligman extended an emerging theory of progressive taxation to an international arena. This empowered his students, especially his Asian students, to build an analysis of the limitations of imperial political accountability and suggest bold financial reform. These links are uncovered for the first time and reveal Seligman’s place in the intellectual and political history of tax reform in American and European formal and informal empires. Consequently, the article also sheds new light on the history of what the legal historian Ajay Mehrotra has called the ‘early Columbia school of taxation and economic development’.

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The School of Public Health of Mexico (ESPM, in Spanish), was founded on March 23, 1922, several years after the creation of the first schools of public health in the United States of America (USA), such as Johns Hopkins in 1916 and those ofHarvard, Yale, and Columbia, among others. The Escuela de Salubridad, as the ESPM was initially called, was the first of its kind in Latin America and the fifth in the world; thus, it was responsible for providing the first public health degrees inMexico to medical health officers and other higher education diplomas in the fields of hygiene and public health. Several years after its own founding, in 1987, the ESPM co-founded the National Institute of Public Health (INSP, in Spanish) which to date continues to be the organization in which the ESPM is housed. Since the ESPM merged with the INSP, research and human resources training have been considered necessary processes for initiating and strengthening structural change in the field of health at the national and regional levels. As part ofits centennial, the ESPM is committed to the continued expansion of its future perspective through the restructuring of its academic programs; this is a process in which the instilling of values, a unified curriculum based on public health, a flexible educational model and social commitment are fundamental. Key words: Public Health, Public Health School of Mexico, social equity and education.

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Objectives. To describe the ongoing collaboration of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) school vaccination assessment with state, local, and territorial immunization programs to provide data to monitor school entry vaccination. Methods. Departments of health and education partner to collect data from public school, private school, and homeschooled kindergartners in the 50 US states, the District of Columbia, 2 cities, and the US territories. Immunization programs submit vaccination coverage and exemption data to the CDC, and the CDC reports these data annually via multiple sources. Results. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the number of programs using a census for vaccination coverage data increased from 39 to 41 during the school years 2012–2013 to 2017–2018 (which for most states was August or September through May or June), and the number using a census to collect exemption data increased from 40 to 46. The number of states that reported sharing their local-level vaccination coverage data online increased from 11 in 2012–2013 to 31 in 2017–2018. Conclusions. Coverage data can be used to address undervaccination among kindergartners to work with communities and schools that are susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. As more states publish local-level data online, access to improved data provides the public more valuable information.

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In February, Contexts kicked off a series of public discussions with a forum including University of Pennsylvania sociologist Elijah Anderson, author of Code of the Street; Thomas Frank, author of What's the Matter with Kansas?; and Nation columnist and Columbia Law School professor Patricia Williams. NYU sociology professor Eric Klinenberg moderated the discussion before a capacity crowd at New York University. The conversation touched upon issues of class, race, market culture, free speech, and party politics. Here are excerpts from the event.

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This discussion was moderated by Evelyn M. Horn, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine and Director, Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York. Panel members included Harrison W. Farber, MD, Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine; Mark Gladwin, MD, Chief, Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Myung H. Park, MD, Director, Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine.

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Abstract:Health and medical informatics education has meanwhile gained considerable importance for medicine and for health care. Specialized programs in health/medical informatics have therefore been established within the last decades.This special issue of Methods of Information in Medicine contains papers on health and medical informatics education. It is mainly based on selected papers from the 5th Working Conference on Health/Medical Informatics Education of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), which was held in September 1992 at the University of Heidelberg/Technical School Heilbronn, Germany, as part of the 20 years’ celebration of medical informatics education at Heidelberg/Heilbronn. Some papers were presented on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the health information science program of the School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Within this issue, programs in health/medical informatics are presented and analyzed: the medical informatics program at the University of Utah, the medical informatics program of the University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn, the health information science program at the University of Victoria, the health informatics program at the University of Minnesota, the health informatics management program at the University of Manchester, and the health information management program at the University of Alabama. They all have in common that they are dedicated curricula in health/medical informatics which are university-based, leading to an academic degree in this field. In addition, views and recommendations for health/medical informatics education are presented. Finally, the question is discussed, whether health and medical informatics can be regarded as a separate discipline with the necessity for specialized curricula in this field.In accordance with the aims of IMIA, the intention of this special issue is to promote the further development of health and medical informatics education in order to contribute to high quality health care and medical research.

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AbstractSex on college campuses has fascinated scholars, reporters, and the public since the advent of coeducational higher education in the middle of the nineteenth century. But the emergence of rape on campus as a public problem is relatively recent. This article reveals the changing social constructions of campus rape as a public problem through a detailed examination of newspaper reporting on this issue as it unfolded at Columbia University and Barnard College between 1955 and 1990. Adapting Joseph R. Gusfield’s classic formulation of public problem construction, we show the ways police and other judicial and law enforcement authorities, feminists, university faculty, student groups, university administrators, and health professionals and institutions have struggled over ownership of how the problem should be defined and described, attribution of responsibility for addressing the problem, and prescriptions for what is to be done. Our findings show how beginning in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the simultaneous swelling of the women’s liberation movement and the exponential integration of women into previously male-dominated institutions of higher education and medicine catalyzed the creation of new kinds of knowledge, institutions, and expertise to address rape and sexual violence more broadly on college campuses. New actors—feminists and health professionals—layered frames of gender and health over those of crime and punishment to fundamentally transform how we understand rape on campus, and beyond.

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AbstractObjective:To identify key school-level contexts and mechanisms associated with implementing a provincial school food and beverage policy.Design:Realist evaluation. Data collection included semi-structured interviews (n 23), structured questionnaires (n 62), participant observation at public events (n 3) and scans of school, school district and health authority websites (n 67). The realist heuristic, context + mechanism → outcome configuration was used to conduct the analysis.Setting:Public schools in five British Columbia (BC), Canada school districts.Participants:Provincial and regional health and education staff, private food vendors and school-level stakeholders.Results:We identified four mechanisms influencing the implementation of BC’s school food and beverage sales policy. First, the mandatory nature of the policy triggered some actors’ implementation efforts, influenced by their normative acceptance of the educational governance system. Second, some expected implementers had an opposite response to the mandate where they ignored or ‘skirted’ the policy, influenced by values and beliefs about the role of government and school food. A third mechanism related to economics demonstrated ways vendors’ responses to school demand for compliance with nutritional Guidelines were mediated by beliefs about food preferences of children, health and food. The last mechanism demonstrated how resource constraints and lack of capacity led otherwise motivated stakeholders to not implement the mandatory policy.Conclusion:Implementation of the food and beverage sales policy at the school level is shaped by interactions between administrators, staff, parent volunteers and vendors with contextual factors such as varied motivations, responsibilities and capacities.

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ObjectivesFew studies reported COVID-19 cases in schools during the 2020/21 academic year in a setting of uninterrupted in-person schooling. The main objective was to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among school staff in Vancouver public schools.DesignCumulative incident COVID-19 cases among all students and school staff based on public health data, with an embedded cross-sectional serosurvey among a school staff sample that was compared to period, age, sex and geographical location-weighted data from blood donors.SettingVancouver School District (British Columbia, Canada) from kindergarten to grade 12.ParticipantsActive school staff enrolled from 3 February to 23 April 2021 with serology testing from 10 February to 15 May 2021.Main outcome measuresSARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among school staff, based on spike (S)-based (unvaccinated staff) or N-based serology testing (vaccinated staff).ResultsPublic health data showed the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 among students attending in-person was 9.8 per 1000 students (n=47 280), and 13 per 1000 among school staff (n=7071). In a representative sample of 1689 school staff, 78.2% had classroom responsibilities, and spent a median of 17.6 hours in class per week (IQR: 5.0–25 hours). Although 21.5% (363/1686) of surveyed staff self-reported close contact with a COVID-19 case outside of their household (16.5% contacts were school-based), 5 cases likely acquired the infection at school based on viral testing. Sensitivity/Specificity-adjusted seroprevalence in 1556/1689 staff (92.1%) was 2.3% (95% CI: 1.6% to 3.2%), comparable to a sex, age, date and residency area-weighted seroprevalence of 2.6% (95% CI: 2.2% to 3.1%) among 5417 blood donors.ConclusionSeroprevalence among staff was comparable to a reference group of blood donors from the same community. These data show that in-person schooling could be safely maintained during the 2020/21 school year with mitigation measures, in a large school district in Vancouver, Canada.

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APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

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The researchers used grounded theory methodology to study the implementation of a school-based alcohol and drug prevention project in secondary schools in British Columbia, Canada. Preventionworkers (PWs) were responsible for working with school and community personnel in a collaborative process to develop, implement, and evaluate prevention strategies in the school using an adaptation of the Precede-Proceed Model for health promotion planning. Before they could begin to do this, PWs had to establish their credibility in the school. Once accepted, the focus of the PWs’workwas to reconcile the goals, values, and philosophy of the project with those of the school. In doing so, PWs encountered many practical dilemmas. The challenges in resolving these dilemmas are presented, and the implications for policy and practice are discussed.

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This discussion was moderated by Robyn J. Barst, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and Cornell Medical Center, and Director of New York Presbyterian Pulmonary Hypertension Center at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York. Panel members included Jeffrey R. Fineman, MD, Pediatric Critical Care Specialist and Associate Investigator of the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco; John Granton, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Programme, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario; Michael A. Gatzoulis, MD, PhD, Professor of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Disease, and Consultant Cardiologist and Director of the Adult Congenital Heart Centre at the Royal Brompton Hospital and the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK; and Richard A. Krasuski, MD, Director of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

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This study examines and evaluates the effects of one-time funding on capacity building of health and social welfare organizations in a remote and northern section of British Columbia Canada. The Province of British Columbia awarded a two million dollar grant (Canadian) to the University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC). Organizations applied for funds through a competitive process that was managed by the School of Social Work at UNBC. Twenty-five different community organizations and agencies received funding for a period of eighteen months. The organizations and agencies delivered a range of services and activities located in remote First Nations communities as well as the natural resource-based single industry towns of northern BC.

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Overview of the Special Issue prepared under the direction of Guest Editor Robert Stern. Robert M. Stern, the Guest Editor of this special issue of the Global Economy Journal, is Professor of Economics and Public Policy (Emeritus) in the Department of Economics and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He received his Ph.D. in economics from Columbia University in 1958. He was a Fulbright scholar in the Netherlands in 1958-59, taught at Columbia University for two years, and joined the faculty at the University of Michigan in 1961. He has been an active contributor to international economic research and policy for more than four decades. He has published numerous papers and books on a wide variety of topics, including international commodity problems, the determinants of comparative advantage, price behavior in international trade, balance-of-payments policies, the computer modeling of international trade and trade policies, trade and labor standards, and services liberalization. He has collaborated with Alan Deardorff (University of Michigan) since the early 1970s and with Drusilla Brown (Tufts University) since the mid-1980s in developing the Michigan Model of World Production and Trade. He is currently working with Drusilla Brown and Kozo Kiyota (Yokohama National University) on the computational modeling and analysis of preferential and multilateral trade negotiations, and issues relating to the scope of the WTO and concepts of fairness in the global trading system with Andrew Brown.

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Eugenia Mcgill is a professor at the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. She granted this interview to Esferas Journal addressing the topic of gender equality public policies and the importance of this field in academic research, in society and in the global context. Professor McGill discussed the need for society to understand what gender issues are, and how they result in inequalities and injustices in countries. The challenge is to build a global agenda to eradicate gender inequalities, especially among black, indigenous, and poor women around the world. In the transcription that follows, we chose to keep the oral aspects of the interview.

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